1. Introduction. In most regions of the developed world, the building stock has already started to age considerably. Within the European Union for example, 80% of the buildings were built before the 90's, 40% before the 60's, with a third of buildings over 50 years old [1].The impact of the old building stock on the environment is huge as …
The passive film of steel in concrete is mainly disrupted under these two situations: when the chloride ion concentration near the rebar surface reaches a certain critical value, and when the pH of concrete drops below nine due to concrete carbonation [33], [34], [35]. The basic aspects related to these two corrosion causes will be …
Exposure to aggressive environments is one of the most critical problems of reinforced concrete (RC) structures, which can affect both their static and dynamic behaviour. In this paper, the linear and non-linear performance of existing corroded RC framed structures were studied through an advanced numerical model. Moreover, an …
1. Introduction. The intricate interplay between cracking patterns in reinforced concrete (RC) structures significantly influences their mechanical properties, particularly stiffness and load-bearing capacity under static loads [1], [2], [3].These factors, in turn, have profound implications on both the standard design considerations and the …
Experimental tests on typical existing reinforced concrete bridge piers with hollow rectangular section were carried out. The specimens were designed and realized (scale 1:4) with material and ...
DOI: 10.1016/J.ENGSTRUCT.2021.112273 Corpus ID: 236255673; Seismic upgrading of existing reinforced concrete buildings: A state-of-the-art review @article{Gkournelos2021SeismicUO, title={Seismic upgrading of existing reinforced concrete buildings: A state-of-the-art review}, author={P. D. Gkournelos and Thanasis …
In addition, the importance of mitigation in the reduction of earthquake risk is a good fact and it has been evidenced by the recent strong seismic events in Turkey. Therefore, seismic evaluation of existing building structures in reinforced concrete is vital to mitigate the adverse effects of seismic events.
An analytical seismic fragility assessment framework is presented for the existing low strength reinforced concrete structures more common in the building stock of the developing countries. For realistic modelling of such substandard structures, low strength concrete stress-strain and bond-slip capacity models are included in calibrating …
buildings constructed of reinforced concrete frames (RCF) with masonry infill in the Auckland CBD are likely to have a satisfactory life-safety behavior in the design basis earthquakes.
1. Introduction. Corrosion of reinforcement steel is a major threat to safety of reinforced concrete (RC) structures. In a tropical country like India with long coast line, temperature and humidity conditions are conducive for the corrosion of steel reinforcements, especially for RC structures located in the coastal regions.
The chapter provides insights into methods for the analysis and assessment of reinforced concrete structures, discussing non-destructive testing methods, …
This paper will present the state-of-the-art of the different ways for strengthening of existing reinforced concrete structures including both traditional and advanced strengthening...
In particular, the damage and permeability study of reinforced concrete mixed with PPF is ambiguous, and the action of various water pressures on this material is rarely reported. Based on the above situation, this paper firstly summarized the existing methods of obtaining and characterizing concrete damage cracks.
This research focuses on examining the seismic fragility of reinforced concrete frames that exhibit mass irregularities in the elevation or plan caused by the change in structural usage. For accurate vulnerability evaluation, this research employs comprehensive three-dimensional models of reinforced concrete irregular structures.
When looking at degradation problems in reinforced concrete, the two main materials, the concrete and the reinforcing steel, are what impact the durability of the structure. The symbiotic relationship between reinforced concrete and steel ensures that, if defects exist within the original design or material selection and if load factors that ...
The purpose of the GSA guideline is to prevent progressive collapse in new buildings and to provide a method for assessment of the potential for progressive collapse in existing …
Fire incidents pose significant threats to the structural integrity of reinforced concrete buildings, often necessitating comprehensive rehabilitation to restore safety …
Reinforced concrete frames are commonly used systems in buildings. The philosophy behind the proper design for this type of frames is to provide them with sufficient ductility.
Evaluating fracture energy and size effect in concrete structures requires special specimens. Assessing concrete damage via non- destructive test methods based on concrete colorimetry, ultrasounds and x-rays, as well as linking concrete fresh-state properties to those after hardening are bringing in advanced techniques.
The assessment of existing reinforced concrete (RC) structures, especially, bridges and viaducts, nowadays is one of the most relevant aspects for infrastructural engineers. Due to the old age of a large part of the railways and roadways assets, their safety, especially, with respect to the Ultimate Limit States (ULS) may result …
In the outer side of the NPP model, concrete damage area caused by steel clasp is not included in the concrete damage area caused by the aircraft model impact. From Fig. 14 (b), the dimensions of the damage of the inner side of the NPP model are 1850 mm and 800 mm in the horizontal and vertical directions, respectively. After the …
Because the seismic performance of steel reinforced concrete (SRC) members are usually different from that of common reinforced concrete members, a modified Park-Ang damage model for SRC members ...
E. Erduran and A. Yakut, Drift Based Damage Functions for Reinforced Concrete Columns, Submitted to Computers & Structures for possible publication, in Review, 2003 Google Scholar Craig D. Comartin, A Progress Report on ATC–55: Evaluation and Improvement of Inelastic Seismic Analysis Procedures, Fall, 2002.
However, the formulations given in codes for analysis and verification of concrete structures are expressed in terms of f ck (i.e. the characteristic value of compressive strength of concrete determined from samples of concrete taken during casting and cured in a specific way), which does not include the effect of damage …
The seismic evaluation of existing buildings in reinforced concrete is so significant to eliminate the potential risks of seismic events. However, because of the resource, time, and financial based requirements regarding the detailed investigation and damage assessment, we used ML techniques to predict the seismic performance of the …
Reinforced concrete slab occurs to perforated damage between the upper and bottom surface. Damage process of the reinforced concrete slab is shown in Fig. 7. Download: Download high-res image (521KB) Download: Download full-size image; Fig. 7. Spall damage process of the reinforced concrete slab (0.55 kg/0.4 m Test IV).
Recently developed Machine Learning (ML) interpretability techniques have the potential to explain how predictors influence the dependent variable in high-dimensional and non-linear problems. This study investigates the application of the above methods to damage prediction during a sequence of earthquakes, emphasizing the use of …
Experimental tests on typical existing reinforced concrete bridge piers with hollow rectangular section were carried out. The specimens were designed and realized (scale 1:4) with material and reinforcement characteristics representative of the Italian bridge structures realized prior to 1980. ... Three shorter (more squat) and four taller ...
Evaluating the condition of existing reinforced concrete structures is generally undertaken if the integrity of a structure is in question or if there is concern regarding the structure meeting ...
Durability of Reinforced Concrete. Historically, reinforced concrete has been thought of as very forgiving when it comes to the amount of time the material performs in service. Although there is a lot of truth to this, the environment inevitably can shorten reinforced …
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