The high concentration of Cu 2+ ion doping into hematite thin film decreased PEC activity due to the defects induced by crystal structure distortion of hematite thin film. It suppresses the ...
The 700 °C (1 hour) annealed films showed significant responses to O 3 at temperatures ranging from 150 °C to 300 °C. Although, hematite is an n-type semiconductor, the Fe 2 O 3 and BaO-Fe 2 O 3 films exhibit p-type behavior to O 3 and n- type behavior to NO 2 at the studied concentration ranges in this work. The response …
The average thickness of the hematite thin films was also calculated to be 223 ± 10 nm using light absorbance. However, the thickness of the resulting hematite top layer for the hematite-hercynite photoelectrodes cannot be measured in this way due to the presence of hercynite. ... The achieved aluminum film concentration compared to the …
An ethanolic iron chloride (FeCl 3) solution with a concentration of 40 mM was prepared by dissolving FeCl 3 ·6H 2 O (99%, Fisher Scientific) in ethanol. Fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) coated glass as the substrate was cleaned sequentially by acetone, ethanol and water prior to the deposition of the hematite-based thin film.
The hematite film with an average mesopore size of 3 nm at an ultrahigh loading of 10 mg cm-2 exhibits an areal capacitance of 1502 mF cm-2 at 1 mA cm-2, and retains 871.2 mF cm-2 at 50 mA cm-2 ...
The Influence of Magnetic Field and Nanoparticle Concentration on the Thin Film Colloidal Deposition Process of Magnetic Nanoparticles: The Search for High …
The thin films of hematite have been investigated for their sensing properties for oxidizing/reducing gases, alcohol [5] and humidity [6]. The sensitivity of the hematite towards the gases can be improved with its nanometric form. It is a weakly ferromagnetic at room temperature. ... The solution concentration used was 0.11 ...
Hematite-based photoanodes have been intensively studied for photoelectrochemical water oxidation. The n -type dopant Sn has been shown to benefit the activity of hematite anodes. We demonstrate in this study that Sn-doped hematite thin films grown by atomic layer deposition can achieve uniform doping across the film thickness up to at least 32 …
Herein, we synthesized ultrathin hematite photoanode via a layer-by-layer polymer-assisted deposition (PAD) method. Each layer of hematite is around 30 nm in thickness with different Ti-doping level, as shown in Figure 1.The built-in electric field, due to the gradient Ti concentration to distribute the band bending over the bulk of the …
Section snippets Experiments. An ethanolic iron chloride (FeCl 3) solution with a concentration of 40 mM was prepared by dissolving FeCl 3 ·6H 2 O (99%, Fisher Scientific) in ethanol. Fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) coated glass as the substrate was cleaned sequentially by acetone, ethanol and water prior to the deposition of the …
Hematite thin (50 nm) films are deposited by pulsed laser deposition from a Ti-doped (1 cation%) Fe2O3 target onto cleaned transparent conducting substrates (fluorinated tin oxide, FTO, coated ...
Based on previous results, a 5–15% atomic composition of facile zinc dopant transformed the conventional n-type hematite film into a p-type photoanode . This study selected an arbitrary but constant low dopant concentration of 3 mM Zn in order to preserve the n-type nature of the prepared hematite films.
Reduced and oxidized hematite in side view. a,b) HRTEM images of the partially reduced hematite showing an Fe 3 O 4 magnetite film on Fe 2 O 3 hematite substrate. The magnetite and hematite are oriented to the zonal axis [1 ¯ 12 $bar{1}12$] and [11 2 ¯ 0 $11bar{2}0$], respectively, as revealed by FFT analysis in (c,d). e,f) …
Hematite thin films have attracted widespread interest in recent years because of their advanced electronic and optical properties. Optical and electronic …
Hematite films deposited by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition of iron pentacarbonyl [Fe(CO)5] in an oxygen plasma were modified by postdeposition (i) oxygen plasma treatment and (ii) short annealing treatments to reduce the defects and to modify the (sub)surface states and consequently the photoelectrochemical properties. …
Hematite films with finer morphologies are formed as the applied current density and bath concentration increases in their respective appropriate ranges (1–4 mA cm −2 and 10–20 mM, respectively). Such behavior has been also reported previously in the case of potentiostatic or galvanostatic electrodeposition of hematite films from …
The morphologies of hematite films synthesized via thermal oxidation correspond to the heating temperature [].In this work, heating the metal films at 400 °C for 5 h produced oxide films with featured morphologies as shown in Fig. 1.The pure hematite film (Fig. 1a) is composed of dense nanoparticles with diameter of ~180 nm. Such …
Hematite is considered a promising photoanode material for photoelectrochemical water splitting, and the literature has shown that the photoanode production process has an impact on the final efficiency of …
The photocurrent density-voltage characterization illustrated that the nanoflake films of Sn-doped hematite exhibited high PEC performance and the Sn concentration was optimized about 5%. The doped Ge 4+ ions were proposed to occupy the empty octahedral holes and their effect on PEC performance of hematite is smaller …
Uniform Ti-doped hematite thin films were deposited on transparent fluorine-doped tin oxide FTO coated glasses using a pulsed laser deposition method. An influence of dopant concentration on the photoelectrochemical characteristics was examined under water splitting. Photocurrent measurements indicated that 3 mol% of Ti …
CPE 1 is the capacitance of hematite film, and CPE 2 represents the capacitance between hematite and electrolyte [28]. ... In this process, the charge carrier …
In this research, Mg-doped hematite (α-Fe 2 O 3) thin films with different Mg-doping concentrations were synthesized on glass substrates using the direct current (DC) and radio frequency (RF) magnetron co-sputtering technique, and the changes of some physical properties due to the concentration of the dopant were investigated.The …
An optimum Ti concentration of 4.2% in the film doubled overall charge separation efficiency to 20% compared to undoped hematite by enhancing band bending. With Ti, carriers generated within 3 nm of the depletion region were separated with near-unity efficiency. Moreover, Ti improved interfacial hole transfer efficiency from <3% to …
Nanostructured thin films of hematite doped with Ti 4+ ions at different doping concentrations were prepared by spray pyrolysis. Scanning electron microscopy has been employed to see any change in the morphology of the film with the doping concentration. Doping of Ti in hematite has been observed to modify the morphology …
The low intensity of hematite peaks indicates its low concentration or film thickness compared to the hercynite phase. The two additional peaks at 30.6° and 32° …
Hematite films deposited by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition of iron pentacarbonyl [Fe(CO)5] in an oxygen plasma were modified by postdeposition (i) …
The absorbance of hematite thin films synthesized at different precursor concentrations and temperatures was measured using UV–vis spectroscopy. Hematite films were observed to absorb in the visible region with an absorption edge that ranged from 590 to 650 nm as shown in Fig. 7 a and b. There was a red-shift in the absorption …
To improve the optoelectronic properties of iron oxide as a photoelectrode, hematite (α-Fe 2 O 3) thin films were doped with titanium using atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition (APCVD) for synthesis.The films were prepared by pyrolysis of Fe(CO) 5 and TiCl 4 precursors on fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) substrates and found to have a …
The energy corresponding to the direct band decreases with particle size from 2.26 to 2.14 eV and are in good agreement with literature values of hematite thin films which range from 1.95 to 2.35 ...
The morphology of the hematite film prepared by DA method are investigated by SEM and shown in Fig. 1.Hematite particles are loaded along with surface roughness of fluorine doped tin oxide substrate, forming hematite thin layer (Fig. 1 (a)).Each hematite thin layer showed differences in optical image along with dopants are doped in. Ti doped …
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نشانی: شماره 1688، جاده شرقی گاوک، منطقه جدید پودونگ، شانگهای، چین.
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