2.2 Activation of bentonite clay Activation was done based study of Samira & Moussa, 2014; 400 mL of hydrochloric acid (2M HCl) (98%, d = 1.98 g/cm 3 ) solution was added to 50 g of NB sample.
Acid activation was carried out by heating muds prepared from Ca-rich bentonite (CaB), sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4) and distilled water, yielding various bleaching earths (BEs).The roles of each of the process variables, namely mass fraction of H 2 SO 4 (x) in the dried CaB and pure H 2 SO 4 mixture, heating temperature (T) and contact time (t), in the …
WEBAcid activation of bentonite was carried out in concentrated H 2 SO 4 and characterized by FTIR, XRD, SEM, TGA, acid titration and BET surface area. …
The method of activation of bentonites and analysis of their rheological parameters was studied. In the process of mechanical activation of clays, their activation of chemical …
The presence of emerging pollutants such as hazardous chemicals, pharmaceuticals, pesticides, and endocrine-disrupting chemicals in water sources is a serious concern to the environment and human health. Thus, this study focused on exploring the interaction mechanisms between ciprofloxacin (CIP) (antibiotic) and clay (a …
The efficiency of bentonite activation was assessed by chemometrics and Artificial neural networks mathematical modeling. Principal component analysis and analysis of variance were used in the observation of the influence of input variables (bentonite chemical composition) and process parameters (milling duration, rotor velocity) on the …
Alkali activation with sodium carbonates is a traditional method to improve bentonite properties for a variety of applications. In some applications, natural sodium-rich bentonites are preferred, and custom regulations require proper declaration of Na-rich bentonites, with respect to activation.
A new process for manufacturing organically compounded bentonite was developed successfully based on the organic intercalation and layered structure of bentonite. The main steps in the proposed process included wet sodium activation of bentonite ore, organic compounding and high-pressure roll grinding. The optimum …
In acid activation using inorganic acid, the inorganic cation in the interlayer structure of bentonite is supplanted by the monovalent hydrogen ion. In addition, octahedral ions (Fe …
Acid activation was carried out by heating muds prepared from Ca-rich bentonite (CaB), sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4) and distilled water, yielding various bleaching …
In this study, the adsorption of NH 3 gas on a bentonite from Ünye (Turkey) in its natural state and after acid treatments, was investigated experimentally at 298 K and up to 100 kPa. Bentonite was treated with HCl solutions of various concentrations (0.5–2.5 M) at …
The fastest growing export markets for Bentonite of Oman between 2021 and 2022 were India ($192k), United Arab Emirates ($94.3k), and Qatar ($37.5k). Imports In 2022, Oman imported $6.63M in Bentonite, becoming the 38th largest importer of Bentonite in the world. At the same year, Bentonite was the 706th most imported product in Oman.
2.2 Methods 2.2.1 Natural bentonite activation Natural bentonite activation was performed by a two-step procedure based on the work done by Toor et al. [28], thermal activation followed by acid ...
Activation of Bentonite clay using hydrochloric acid (HCl) [15,16], sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4 ) [17, 18] and other acids [19,20] has been reported. Out of all acids, H 2 SO 4 is preferred mostly as ...
Example 1 To 500 kg. of bentonite clay, 15.5 kg. of Na CO dissolved in 100 liters of water were introduced. The two latter agents constituted the activator. The solution of the activator was poured on the material which was placed on a belt-type unloading conveyor associated with a multibucket excavator and leading to the steel trucks of a narrow-gauge railway …
Vijayakumar et al. (2009) evaluated acid-activated bentonite as a catalyst in the esterification reaction of the different carboxylic acid with alcohols or p-cresol. Acid activation of bentonite was carried out in concentrated H 2 SO 4 and characterized by FTIR, XRD, SEM, TGA, acid titration and BET surface area. Esterification was carried …
A calcium bentonite clay from Boane region (Mozambique) was subjected to an Na2CO3 activation process. The methylene blue test together with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analysis indicated the successful ion exchange of Ca2+ by Na+ ions since the cation exchange capacity (CEC) increased from 67.5 to 74 meq/100 g …
Chemical and thermal activation methods have been used for bentonite property enhancement (Barakan & Aghazadeh 2021). In our earlier work, the …
Activation time of bentonite plays an active role in the bleeding reduction. ... This test method permits the evaluation of the swelling properties of a clay mineral. Briefly, after a dried phase, 2 g of bentonite are added to 90 mL of distilled water with step of 0.1 g every 10 min. Once the bentonite adding phase is ended, the water is ...
Acid activation is a chemical treatment traditionally used on clays, typically bentonites in hydrochloric or sulphuric acid, to obtain partly dissolved materials with …
A white calcium bentonite (CaB) from the Kütahya region/Turkey was activated by heating it for 6 hours at 97°C in H2SO4 solution. The mass percentage of H2SO4 in the bentonite-acid mixture was ...
The effects of global climate change are becoming more evident and accelerating at an unprecedented pace. For this reason, human activities urgently need a paradigm shift to stop this entropic process before the consequences become irreversible. In this sense, the use of highly eco-efficient materials aimed at conveniently neutralizing …
2.2 Methods 2.2.1 Natural bentonite activation Natural bentonite activation was performed by a two-step procedure based on the work done by Toor et al. [28], thermal activation followed by acid activation. Thermal activation was conducted by heating the sample using muffle furnace at 400 °C for 3 hours then cooled and stored
Activated Bentonite clay examined by multiple characterization techniques showed good structural properties. •. Applied as a catalyst in esterification reaction show …
The adsorption capacity of bentonite clay for heavy metal removal from wastewater can be significantly enhanced by a high loading of chitosan on the surface.
The adsorption properties of Ca-Bentonite were developed by activation with Na 2 CO 3 at various ratios (1, 2, 2.5, 5, 10, 15g/100g bentonite), the (CEC) did not change until the soda ratio was 2.5 %.
Volcanic Materials in Commerce and Industry. Jonathan Dehn, Stephen R. McNutt, in The Encyclopedia of Volcanoes (Second Edition), 2015. 5.1 Bentonite. Bentonite is an off-white montmorillonite clay formed from altered volcanic ash. It has a sheet-silicate structure and is especially notable for the way in which it absorbs and loses water and for its base …
Abstract A study is performed of the effect the means of activation of bentonite-like clays (acidic, alkaline, combined) have on the adsorption characteristics of Fe3+ ions under static conditions. The mechanism of the acidic and alkaline activation of montmorillonite is identified and found to depend on the concentration of the activating …
1. Introduction. One application of calcium bentonite with a significant market is the decolourization of vegetable, animal and mineral oils. Most of the calcium bentonite used for filtering and decolourizing oils is acid activated (Odom, 1984).Acid treatment with sulphuric or hydrochloric acid removes the calcium cations from the surfaces and edges …
A bentonite from Kirkouk city region (Iraq) was activated with H 2 SO 4 at various ratios (5, 10, 15, 20 %). Due to ion exchange, the original (Ca, Mg, Na, K)-bentonite was converted to H ...
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نشانی: شماره 1688، جاده شرقی گاوک، منطقه جدید پودونگ، شانگهای، چین.
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